Publications, Reports & Research
50年前的这个夏天，在德克萨斯州的特雷尔小镇，一种被称为碳捕集与封存（CCS）的新型技术革新开始建设。承载这一新颖事物的设施是一个天然气加工厂，它使用燃烧前二氧化碳捕集技术，将二氧化碳从天然气加工步骤中分离出来，再将其运送到油田提升采收率（EOR）并加以封存。从第一个设施到今天，"CCS "一词已经发展成为一个全球性的产业，目前全世界有26个CCS设施在运行，已经安全地捕集和封存了3亿吨的二氧化碳。
在《电力杂志》第34卷第7期发表的一篇新文章《CCS项目50年的经验》中，作者Patricia Loria和Matt Bright介绍了CCS行业的历史，并研究了从目前26个运营设施的部署中获得的经验。项目开发商提供了他们的见解，并提炼出主要的机遇和挑战，以帮助指导全球更多CCS项目的部署。此外，该文件还强调了全球碳捕集与封存研究院在过去11年中通过其CO2RE数据库跟踪项目的工作。最重要的结论是，26个运行中的CCS设施表明，该技术已经成功地进行了规模化部署，并且能够安全地捕集和封存二氧化碳这一全球气候变化减缓战略的关键成功因素。
全球碳捕集与封存研究院应邀为《电力杂志》2021年8月的特刊供稿，重点关注CCS。这期杂志包括其他7篇来自CCS领域领先的非政府组织和研究人员的文章。
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国际能源署的可持续发展方案（IEA-SDS）是与《巴黎协定》目标相一致的模式，它要求全球15%的减排量要通过CCS实现。IEA-SDS中提到的CCS需求意味着到2050年CCS产能将增加100倍，本思想领袖报告估计其总资本需求在6550亿美元到12800亿美元之间。
该报告讨论了政府在为CCS创造有利的投资环境方面的作用，并就如何为项目释放私人资金提出了一些建议。
该报告研究了:
- 项目融资在大大加快CCS能力投资方面的潜力
- 绿色债券在水泥、化肥和化学品等难以减排行业的CCS项目中的应用
- 气候投融资在支持发展中国家CCS部署方面的潜力
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2021年被证明是美国CCS政策繁忙的一年。这一年还没有过去三分之一，众议院和参议院的议员已经提出了五项旨在加速CCS部署的两党法案。本简报详细介绍了这些法案的内容，并解释了其政策建议背后的理由。
媒体宣传高级顾问马特.布莱特利用这份简报来研究CCS政策的三大支柱，这些支柱支撑着这项技术在美国的发展。此外，本简报还向读者介绍了美国CCS政策从开始到现在的发展历程，以便完整地描绘出强有力的政策如何加速CCS的部署。这样一来，美国CCS政策形势就可以为今后几十年全球CCS部署所面临的挑战和机遇提供更广的视角。
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要使CCS发挥其减少全球大量排放的潜力，这项技术必须在世界所有地区部署。然而，目前发展中国家的CCS项目非常少。
本报告是由ClearPath和南方公司委托编写的，旨在研究气候投融资在支持发展中国家CCS项目发展中的作用。
本报告研究了
- 对现有CCS设施提供的支持
- 发展中国家难以部署的原因
- 如何克服CCS的投资风险
- 支持部署更多设施的相关全球气候投融资机制
研究发现，虽然一些发展中国家对CCS有很高的需求，但他们对CCS部署的准备程度却很低。气候投融资在提高他们的准备程度以及填补开发CCS项目的资金缺口方面都可以发挥重要作用。
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实现净零排放的紧迫性要求迅速加快所有减排技术的部署。近零排放的氢气（清洁氢气）有可能为发电、运输和工业部门的减排做出重大贡献。
作为与哥伦比亚大学SIPA全球能源政策中心合作的 "循环碳经济：全球可持续发展的基石 "系列的一部分，本报告探讨了蓝氢对气候缓解的潜在贡献。
该报告探讨了
- 可再生氢气和用化石燃料和CCS生产的氢气的成本驱动因素
- 清洁氢气的资源要求和成本降低的机会
- 推动清洁氢气生产投资的政策建议
蓝色氢气完全可以推动清洁氢气在气候减缓方面的快速增长，但需要强有力和持续的政策来激励投资，以达到全球气候目标所需的速度。
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碳捕集与封存是帮助实现零碳目标的重要技术。二氧化碳捕集、运输和封存系统的部署成本具有重要的经济和环境意义。随着CCS在全球范围内部署的规模和广度增加，这种意义的重要性将愈加凸显。
作为哥伦比亚大学SIP全球能源政策中心的"循环碳经济：全球可持续发展的基石 "系列报告的一部分，本报告从技术准备工作和影响成本的因素两个角度对CCS技术进行了研究。
CCS成本的主要驱动因素包括
- 规模经济
- 起源中的二氧化碳的分压
- 能源成本
- 技术创新
本报告对碳捕集、运输和封存方面的成熟技术和新兴技术进行深入研究。技术发展将是推动CCS未来成本降低和将CCS应用于水泥、钢铁和直接空气捕集等难以减排的部门的一个关键因素。
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随着向低碳经济的稳步过渡，CCS被公认为是实现气候中和的各种气候方法的良好补充。减排和清除在缓解气候变化中的作用将随着时间而改变。人们普遍同意，在实现净零排放的道路上应优先考虑减排量。但是，一旦实现净零排放，这种情况将改变。净零是旅程中的一个点，而不是最终目的地。碳移除将成为本世纪下半叶气候雄心的主要驱动力。
在此简短的摘要中，全球碳捕集与封存研究院高级政策顾问Eve Tamme解释了CCS在缓解气候变化中的双重作用，并概述了使用CCS的两种技术性碳移除方法：生物能源碳捕集与封存（BECCS）和结合碳捕集与封存的直接空气捕集（DACCS）。除了重点介绍CCS的各种应用之外，本简报还总结了碳移除政策制定相关的挑战与机遇。
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《全球碳捕集与封存现状报告2020》彰显了碳捕集与封存技术（CCS）在2050年前实现净零排放方面所发挥的重要作用，同时报告还记录了CCS技术的现状和过去12个月的重要里程碑。报告就全球CCS设施规划、国际政策、二氧化碳封存以及CCS法律法规环境提供了详细信息并做出深入分析。
此外，报告对CCS在北美、欧洲、亚太和海合会国家等四个区域取得的进展做了深度剖析，并对CCS的重大创新和应用单独开辟一章加以阐述。
过去一年间，各国政府和企业纷纷做出承诺，不遗余力支持净零排放目标。其中，欧洲和亚太尤为突出，成为引领CCS投资的先锋和推动经济增长的动力。
《全球碳捕集与封存现状报告2020》指出，自2019年以来，全球捕集封存能力上升33%，全球有65座商业CCS设施分别进入不同开发阶段。
报告邀请来自工业、金融业、气候变化、能源行业、学界等各行各业的专家发表独到见解。他们纷纷发声对CCS技术表示支持。
此外，报告还包含各种信息量丰富的地图、图表、数据和示意图，为报告中的文字信息和分析提供了有力支撑。
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全球碳捕集与封存现状报告阐明了碳捕集与封存技术在减少工业排放中所发挥的关键作用，并记录为应对气候变化当前和未来采取的CCS措施。 最新发布的《全球碳捕集与封存现状报告》简报重点介绍了政府和行业可以通过CCS实现具有成本效益的净零排放措施，并指出了去年CCS领域达成的重要里程碑。 请通过下方链接下载《全球碳捕集与封存现状报告》简报：
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清洁氢的生产主要通过使用可再生能源生产绿色氢，或通过结合碳捕集与封存（CCS）的化石燃料生产蓝色氢。
新南威尔士州煤炭创新局正在确定最经济的清洁氢气生产方法，并已经委托全球碳捕集与封存研究院调查用清洁氢气替代新南威尔士州10％天然气供应量的生产成本。
该研究所考虑的情景为有足够的清洁氢气在新南威尔士州天然气网络中实现10％H2：90％CH4（天然气）的混合比例（以体积计算）并能提供与目前仅用天然气供能的相同能量。所考虑的选项包括采用碳捕集与封存（CCS）天然气重整、CCS煤气化以及使用可再生电力电解水。研究发现，考虑到成本、规模、资源使用和减排成果，新南威尔士州生产清洁氢气的最佳选项是结合CCS使用煤炭或天然气。
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在二十国集团召开2020年峰会前夕，全球碳捕集与封存研究院应阿卜杜拉国王石油研究中心之邀为循环碳经济指南贡献绵薄之力。在一份名为“去碳：碳捕集与封存”的报告中，亚历克斯·泽潘提斯评估了碳捕集与封存作为一种有效的气候缓解技术的价值，该技术旨在从大气中去除二氧化碳，并支持建立循环碳经济。
阿卜杜拉国王石油研究中心主办了一场实时网络研讨会对该报告展开讨论。
如欲阅读完整报告，请点击下方的下载链接。
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应美国能源部的要求，全球碳捕集与封存研究院对环境、社会和治理（ESG）评级对支持CCS项目部署投资的重要性和影响程度进行了评估。
这项研究的目的是为了研判以下五个问题：
- 公司的ESG评级如何影响公司？
- 公司的二氧化碳足迹如何影响其ESG评级？
- 当对二氧化碳排放量较大的公司的ESG绩效进行评级时，如何考量CCS？
- CCS对公司ESG评级的积极影响（如果有）是否能支持CCS投资或融资？
- 气候诉讼和公共政策如何影响公司风险和ESG评级？
评估报告就上述问题一一回应，更清晰地描述了ESG评级的制定和范围之间的复杂关系，公司ESG绩效的影响以及最终是否会对CCS的未来投资造成影响。
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